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Other Infections

Hospitalizations Due to Hepatitis A Declining in the U.S., CDC Study Finds

Rates of hospitalization related to hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection decreased in the U.S. from 2002 to 2011, possibly attributable to changing demographics and wider use of the hepatitis A vaccine, researchers reported in the September 29 edition of Hepatology.

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Health Officials, Infectious Disease Experts, AIDS Activists Oppose Ebola Quarantine

Public health officials and medical professionals spoke out this week against newly instituted policies in New York and New Jersey -- later joined by Illinois and Florida -- calling for 21-day quarantine of people arriving in the states after being in contact with Ebola patients in West Africa. AIDS activists were among those spearheading the opposition, stressing that increasing stigma and discouraging medical providers from volunteering in Africa would only worsen the growing epidemic. 

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CDC Issues Stricter Ebola Virus Protection Guidance for Healthcare Workers

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) this week issued new, expanded guidelines to help healthcare workers protect themselves against Ebola virus infection. The guidance details procedures for use of personal protective equipment (PPE), including how to take it off without contamination.

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New WHO Report Finds Tuberculosis More Common than Previously Estimated

The global burden of tuberculosis (TB) may encompass nearly half a million more cases than previously thought, due to better data reporting, according to the World Health Organization's Global Tuberculosis Report 2014, released last week. According to the new report, 9 million people developed TB in 2013 and 1.5 million died from the disease, but new cases and mortality continue to decline. The report will be presented at the Union World Conference on Lung Health taking place this week in Barcelona.

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ICAAC 2014: Anal HPV Infection and Dysplasia Common in HIV+ Women and Gay Men

Anal infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types was common among women with HIV in France, while a Spanish study found a low rate of pre-cancerous anal cell changes in HIV positive women compared with men who have sex with men, researchers reported at the recent 54th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy in Washington, DC.

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IDWeek 2014: Syphilis Cases Increase Among Men with HIV Despite Risk Reduction Counseling

There has been a substantial increase in the number of syphilis cases among men living with HIV -- particularly men who have sex with men (MSM) -- despite systematic risk reduction counseling in this population since 2008, according to a study conducted at a clinic in rural Pennsylvania presented at IDWeek 2014 earlier this month.

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Chlamydia Widespread in U.S., Task Force Recommends Screening for Young Women

Chlamydia -- the most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection in the U.S. -- had an overall prevalence of 1.7% among people age 14 to 39 in the latest NHANES survey, but this rose to 4.7% among sexually active young women. Updated guidelines from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommend regular chlamydia and gonorrhea screening for sexually active women age 24 and younger, and for older women at increased risk for infection, but state that there is not enough evidence to make a similar recommendation for men.

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Coffee Linked to Reduced Liver Inflammation, Lower Liver Cancer Risk

People who drank more coffee -- both regular and decaffeinated -- had lower levels of liver inflammation enzymes in a large population survey, while another recent study found that coffee consumption was associated with a lower risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a type of liver cancer.

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ICAAC 2014: IRIS and Risk of Early Death Among HIV+ People with Tuberculosis

People coinfected with HIV and tuberculosis (TB) who go onto develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) while on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a pre-ART immunological profile that is easily distinguishable from those who are at risk of early mortality despite being treated for both HIV and TB, according to a presentation at the 54th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy this month in Washington, DC.

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